Blade dispensing and receiving magazine



May 11, 1954 v. R. BAILEY 2,673,126

BLADE DISPENSING AND RECEIVING MAGAZINE Filed Aug. 13, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet l y 1, 1954 v. R. BAILEY 2,678,126

BLADE DISPENSING AND RECEIVING MAGAZINE Filed Aug. 15, 1948 3Sheets-Sheet 2 6 29 76 42 2g E-v A/ l\\\\\ t k 46 4a 2 Zia/27620? May 11, 1954 v. R. BAILEY 2,678,126

BLADE DISPENSING AND RECEIVING MAGAZINE Filed Aug. 15, 1948 4 s Sheets-Sheet s &

Patented May 11, 1954 nmnemseensmd mnecmvmo MAGAZINE :Vincent R. Bailey, Chestnut'HilL Massi; assignor '--t o The Gillette Company; awcorporationilof Delaware Application August 13, 1948-; Se1iat1 No 43;977

* 8Claims. 1

This invention relates to a razon bladeemagazine which is designedtox receive and dispense a tack of unwrapped double-edged: razorablades, nd espe'ci'ally to provide for novel-blade trans- -fer =movenrents by "means oi which auused' blade n a razor'may be removedand a fresh bladefrom he stack in the magazine may bei inserted in place -"of the blade which is-removedl In a preferred =embodin1ent 'the invention is exemplified by a mechanism for removal and-disposal. ofnsed bl'ades siinultaneously with installationtof a new bIadd in amazor having opposed cooperating 'bla'de clampingmembers although the invention "is not inten'dedto be "limited toany particular Ytype of' blade-holding device.

*It is =in= general an object of the.:=invention: to improve methods-"ofdispensing and "handling aunwrapped double-edged razor blades; having reference both to-the removaliof aused bl'ade'from a razor =and the =insertion of a freshblade to take the placeof -the usedbla'de. Anotherobject is to provide a-safe; efiicient means of. transferring blades *from' w stacked position tine "mercharidising dhit into a gui'ded dispensing zposition" which is especially: adaptedto' .facilitateregister or 1 actual engagement 0 reach s blade? with the blade-holding portions "of .i a. :razorafornwhich he blades are intended. It is a furtherl object tithe invention to provide meanslor QhflWO-WQLY blade transfer inwhich a used blade is notl'only removed and replaced by a fresh blade but; the old blade' is also deposited in a: used blade zbin, all in one continuous interrelated -nperation :dur- 'ing" which the hands '-'of the user i areuprotected fromc"ontact with' -thesharp cutting edgessof the *blades at 9.11 times.

The 'blade handling meth'od andumechanism "of'the invention furnish- 0m desirable 'way; of

a accomplishing the foregoing "objectives; byreintroducing anovel cycle ofblade handling-tmove1 "mentsj-andby combining a usedilbladetbi-n with a -unique blade magazine-case and a reciprocating'"slide member'which is arranged to' move into 1"pos'itions ofregister with both the binxlandi the "icase. The magazine case is so constructed that itmay receive"ahd rsiliently support aistack of blades pi-led' one upon another: in -alternatelyiand .oppositely overlapped relation.

'Advantageistaken of si-ich a bladesalternation to support some of the" blades: at "their fend,

member.

; TheL-cycle of-blade handling: movements starts w with selective-c removal of an uppermost blade 1 from: the stack while in thesfanned out-or flexed y. position described. .7 1 The separated blade is next 1 carried forwardly and transferred from the mag- :azinercase to a razor. it As the newly issued blade itakeswits place in. the :razorythe used blade. is simultaneously. displaced :and engaged by the 'blade ,ihandlingslide which retracts the L :used

blade. The-,cycle is completed by the usedkblade being drawn rearwardly'and deposits-din a used bladeribin.

1; Anotherrvdesirable ifeature of the invention therefore: is: the combination: with a blade mag- :azine of, a:used.h1adebin superimposed upon the 1011: a slide; member and :blade passageways located:inwthe patli of movement of the slide to 1' r facilitate a two-Way transfer of blades. during v each cycle.of movementofzthe slide.

Theseiand gother objects and novel features .will-- be more fullysunderstood and appreciated fromiwthe "following. description of a preferred em- I.bO,dimeniiOf;1;th8f invention. selected for purposes of illustration and showninmthe accompanying a. drawings, in which Fig; :1 is a perspective-view illustratingthe improv.ed vblade: dispensing magazine of the invention;

:Fig. 2' isan endelevational view of one type 0f 1' razor withwwhich. the magazine shown :inrFig. 1w isl designed-sto be employed;

.-:Fig; 3 is a sideelevational view lfurther illus- H tratingEthe-razor andmagazinemember in sepzarated: relation;

:Figmi is a-sectional viewqtaken on theline 4-4 of Fig. 8;

ifiFig: 5. is aeiplan views-taken 1 on the, line 5-5 of Fig: '3 i1and illustratingxthe 1' blade; magazine =-part1y engaged on over the razor;

Fig. 6 is a =vertical 'cross-sectionaliview;

T *Fig: '7 is 'another vertical cross section taken "*Fig; 8 is a'idetailiplan view of a slide member; .Fig." 9' is a vertical crossrsecti'onal view" show- .ing. another step in the transfer of ablade into the. irazor;

E i-gall) is atverticalcrossesectional view taken t awpoint :when thanew bladeahaslbeen inserted ether razor-and; theislideis about .-to start its eturrr' movement;

: ::;Fig-.;-.11-i is: another iverticali cross-sectional view showing the used blade partly removed and entering the blade bin;

Figs. 12 and 13 are sectional views showing the further positions assumed by the used blade of Fig. 11 as it is drawn rearwardly away from the razor;

Fig. 14 illustrates location of the used blade in its final position of rest in the blade bin; and

Fig. 15 is a detail view of a spring member.

It is contemplated that the blade magazine of the invention will be used primarily in merchandising a limited number of blades and although not limited to any specific number, is

especially suited to containing and dispensing a stack of at least ten blades of the double-edged type noted above. tended to constitute in general a simple, convenient dispensing unit by'means of which a blade may, if desired, be selectively detached from a stack of blades and moved out of the magazine into a position where the blade may be grasped by the fingers or directly hooked over the blade-holding projections of a razor blade holder. It is also intended however that the magazine may be employed as a translating member to provide for a guided dispensing or blade locating operation in which the blade is fully inserted in the safety razor so that there remains only the operation of tightening the head of the razor before using.

As an aid to more fully visualizing the blade handling cycle, I have illustrated in several figures of the drawing the principal parts of a commercial type razor. These razor parts include a cylindrical handle 2 (Fig. 3), at the upper end of which is solidly fixed a lower blade support 4. An upper blade support 6 is resiliently clipped to the member 4 by a U-shaped extension 8 which engagesagainst the under side of member 4 and is normally held in a raised position by means of spring members In (Figs. 2 and 3). Slidably received in the handle 2 is a threaded rod 12 which is spring held so that it may be forced upwardly to project above the blade support 4 into a position in which its threaded extremity may be screwed into threaded portions M of the upper blade support or can 6.

In the conventional method of installing a blade in the razor structure described, a reduced end of a blade is inserted between the members 4 and 6 and advanced over a ramp l6 which is formed with a centrally disposed guide rib 18 for alining the blade in a proper relative position. When thus located the blade is resiliently gripped by the spring I0 and held in an intermediate position until the threaded member is forced upwardly through the median slot in the blade and screwed into the upper blade support 6.

In accordance with the invention I provide a cycle of blade handling movements and a suitable mechanism designed for operation with the above described razor assembly while it is in the intermediate position referred to, with the upper blade support 6 occurring in a raised position, thus presenting at one end of the razor a blade transferring passageway along the ramp IS.

The more essential parts of the'blade dispensing magazine of the invention include a ma-ga.

zine case; blade gripping and alining mechanism for supporting blades in a firm position in the case; a used blade bin or receptacle superim- The magazine is further insite inner surfaces of the casing.

general organization of these parts is means for protecting the blades and maintaining the double cutting edges of these elements in a shielded position at all times during their storage and movement out of the magazine when a blade dispensing cycle is carried out. This protection is achieved by employing a casing whose width is substantially greater than the width of any one of the blades so that the cutting edges at all times may lie in spaced relation to the two oppo- Additional protection is furnished by the blade gripper mechanism which helps to aline the blades and maintain them under positive engagement from two opposite sides so that lateral displacement is avoidedat all times up until a blade leaves the magazine.

Thus in the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, numeral 20 denotes the magazine case which is rectangular in shape and of appreciably greater width than the width of the blades it is to contain. The case may be made of various materials such as metal, plastic. paper and the like, and is adapted to receive a stack of blades of the slotted, double edge type as has been suggested in Fig. 1. As indicated therein the case is formed with a closed rear end and an open front end to provide a blade dispensing aperture 22.

At its upper side the case is constructed with transverse inturned flanges 24 and 26 which are spaced apart to provide a slideway in which there is slidably supported a reciprocating slide member 28. Mounted upon the transverse flanges is a used blade receptacle or bin 29 which is constructed with recessed under edges 30 spaced above the transverse fianges 24 and26 to define a passageway for the slide and yet maintain the slide firmly against the case.

As suggested in Figs. 6 and 7, slide 28 preferably consists of a fiat strip of relatively rigid material designed to extend across the transverse fianges 24 and 26 and shaped with adepressed central body portion which is snugly fitted between the flanges referred to in a manner such that these flanges constitute a guideway for maintaining the slide in a constantly alined position as it is moved back and forth along the case. The extremities of the slideway extend from either side of the case as noted in Figs. 1 and 6 and may also be formed with serrated or knurled surfaces to facilitate gripping the slide for example between the thumb and forefinger.

At its under side the slide is formed with a blade advancing element 32 consisting of a hooklike member projecting forwardly in a plane somewhat below the top of the slide. Located on the under surface of slide 28 at either side of the blade advancing e1ement 32 is a pair of cams 34 and 36. Each cam is constructed with front and rear beveled faces which meet to form V edges extending transversely with respect to the case. The front beveled surfaces on the cams extend upwardly above the level of the blade advancing element 32 and cooperate with the blade advancing element 32 to define a blade entranceway.

The arrangement of the cams relative to element 32 is chosen so that the reduced end of a razor blade projecting up into the path of movement of the slide will first make contact with the front beveled surfaces of 1 cams 34 and 36. The effect of the cams is to fiex the blade end downwardly until it engages the shank of the blade advancing element 32. p

1 :tion.

t rn'ate' rear blade It is pointedout that thecentrally loeitfted' o- ""sition ofthe bladedepres sing element}; as well asthe-retracting iele nent 4L;providesjoftheS h elements "being arranged in register with the median slot ofan u li im os't blade a l as sug- ---gestedinFig; 4 i the drawings. I n thisway provision is-made tor the blade depressingfelement ,38 being passed downwardly through the slot of-the uppermost blz ldeinto contact with an immediatelyunderl ying blade as will be made Eclearer 'fro na detailed discussion ofthe stacked "*blade arrangement appearing hereinafter. It

-shouldgalso be observed that since'the blade"1'etractin'g element 42 is secured to the toplside of "theblade depressing element 8, it continues to'remain well above the level of the'slide even though the depressing ele nent" extends 'downwardlvto a considerable extent.

The arrangement and operation of the slide 28 may be better-"appreciated from a" considera- 9 u i ue bla e essemblymbrbvided in the case 20. As noted in the drawings, a stack of 'blad es is mounted in the case with the con:

stituent blades of "the 'stack being supported upon one: another in alternately and oppositely overlapped or staggeredrelationto provide 'a series=of projecting bladeiend's at either side of the Stack. 'Iho se bladesjwhose ends lie nearest to the blade dispensing aperture 22" are conveniently referred to as front blades whilethe remaining blades are relff erred; 1 as rear blades. The forward ends of the front blades When'thus located all extend :well beyond corresponding d cf the ram edss i 11 i i e n' and 1 van A l ted iq e n; apprecia le; stfance because the solid end'ia ion'sp'f :thei'earjblades J act as iulcrums w en th ioroject'ing end's ofthe front blade are "forced t ogethies 6; This has ;the effect of -springing opposite ends of the" blades apart in a fanned out posi- I'ih'av'e provided suitable mechanism for forcing to getherthe front bladejends while mainf tainin'g all of'th'blades in a 'correctly alined p0 sition. ineluded thisinechanism'are' two guide pos ts 45 and 48, acurvedslotted spring 50 and two spaced-apart bar cams 52f' and'54 extending downwardly from'the under sides of the transyerse edges ZeandZG and having upwardlyand inwardly inclined blade-'positioning'faces. The

3 posts are mountedlcentralli' in the case in longitudinally spaced relation tdre'gister with a circular opening 58 and a diamond shaped opening 56 in e aqh "blade. there fare" two'fdiamond ..;s i e f en i ise Le k jifi j j' i rw cpening; in each blade," o'nvenient blade alter- ;inai i i "ie ikii vfaeiii ed b3 s li i h 55 blades inajiositionl'suchthat the cireular openng SB receivefs therethroughhost 46"whi1 a1 f re placed in a position such that "ant war-opening 55 receives therethrough "ji bstaaj "T is osts'are' furt er formed with upper inclined su aces; land 52 which are deed 1; it afle edra'zo'r blade andjtobe N drawn idrwafdlv"upovr"the"toii of" the host in re gae to 'ifiovefneiit of'i'tlfe suds ifie ffibef when engaged with the blade The" tps of th posts are also provided with slots8hand"82 etefiding longitudinally of the "ina'gaizine. i 5 The springi'll isiritefposed'betwe'nthstack M of blades and the bottorn of thecase at'tli'e ter endof the 'sta ck'iand is eu'rvea uihwardlji to resilienjtly urge the pi-oj'et ngfiiq's" offriit'maiies in an upwar di ection. Thfoug'houta nar't of its length the spring has mter'm'eaia nj re ev t6 rel-m s aced-ape L dling the two posts and bssrmgagsmst thel'o'werrnost bladeo'fllthe stack albng tw sides. The twoi alns "52 and" 54'" extend dbwnwaidly at an "in ination"'fiom "the under side o'f'the t: sverseflafiges at'either side o'fthie' 'r'nagaiine case iii abositioiitb oone'rate'witli' th sf) r1550 and force the front blade ends togeth "sliiiwn in Fig. 5 and to'isi'iiifiort"the'iibprrnost lade un- Q iflegied in 'upwarai'y" and rearwardly infilified'fposition. fEachcafi'i hastwd'beveled sense ing to firm v' dges as" illustrated. These V Ledges notonlyaid in forcingthe' blaid mast gether'but also insure that the end of he""up- 2? r nost bladas itlea'vesthe'bladed irising A aperture 22' 'Will" be at the correct 'l'eveT'f tering withthe blade receivingafiei'tiirei f the razor into'fwhich the blad is tobe inserted.

Located just "ahead of the spring 5 d and: ams

which'inrcjects' upwardly 'a'; distance sum hold the s ring in ajcorrect'posit'ion." The ease is further constructed with an'eSitensi-on BGWliich 3 is formed with guide edges 68 adaiited'to"engage andsl'id over theblade Supper g member 4 o f the"razorlifithelfiannef'indicated in Fig 6, with the 's'to'p'i6'4 lyingsniigljfagainsfthe end. of member 4.; 'Wliehthe -case and ra -sf? are placeddn' interlocking relation as indicated in 6:, i't willb'ehoted that the Ve'dges 'ofcams 52 and 5'lunderwhich blades r'nustslide asfthey are ejected oecur in a liorizontal'planefivliilzili in- 'trs'ectsthe faint) f6 of'the razoi' fthiis" ring lfi 'that the end of a bladeda'ving thefinagafiine will strike; ag'ai'nst'the at a" pbinValbout halfway up its inclined surface.

' It should also be observed that ithe of the magazine 'c'asef considered fiver chosen suclij at that the 'upper'blade'h ding Iifi'ember 6' in the raised position 'showndnj; the drawingsl'willlbeabovethe transverse edges 24 "and 26 of the case when memosana'easeare I in interlockedrelation. "This arra'nge'm'ent per- 55 "mits a used blade in'the razor','"snch as for exj ample the usedblade 69 shoWn-inFig: 6;tb be forced upwardly against the upper-blade h'olding member 6 in "whichposi'ticn the blade' 'end niayjb'e withdrawn-and passed'upovrth transverse flanges2426 into a' 'usedbladhtfhceway [0. Th'topfl cf the emianeway' 10 is formed: by't wo; edges 12-and l l inte'gral with the f used" blade: bin 29 "andthese -edges? occui at a height suitable for guiding "the used -blad'" end of i' ag'ai'nst acurved spring 16 supported-longitudinally' in the used blade bii'i as noted iii-Fig. 6. fThe ""stru cturef*'and elements described are made-use of to: secure blades in-variou s bositions inthe magazine case as" well as "the rszcsf car- 70 rying out a blade holding cycle of theoharacter already-described. 'Iheseveralpositins and movements will now be described begin-hing =with adese'ription of the blade assembly in-the-niagazine" case at the-commencement of a blade? dispensing' cycle; it being assumed that the i l fagazine has been attached to a razor already containing a blade 69 which is to be discarded as suggested in Fig. 6.

Starting with a fully loaded magazine, the uppermost blade in the stack willpreferably consist of a rear blade which in Fig. 6 is exemplified by the blade 44. The circular opening 58 of this blade has received therethrough the post 48. The end of blade 44 nearest to the blade aperture 22 is resiliently gripped between the immediately underlying blade in the stack and the beveled surfaces of the cams 52 and 54. The opposite end of blade 44 extends rearwardly and upwardly in a slightly flexed position and rests against the under side of the transverse flanges 24 and 26. The remaining blades extend into free space in the magazine and fan up and down in that portion of it.

As shown in Fig. 6 the slide 28 is in its extreme right handposition in which location the depresser element is engaged through the median slot of blade 44 with its turned up tip 4!) bearing against the reduced end of the next underlying blade 18 in the stack, thus maintaining this end of the blade in a depressed spaced position below blade 44 and engaged about the posts 46 and 48.

As the slide 28 is moved forwardly or in a direction from right to left as viewed in Fig. 6, the beveled forward surfaces of cams 34 and 36 begin to depress blade 44 and cause it to pass into engagement with the blade advancing element 32, there being ample opportunity for the latter member to extend underneath the end of blade 44 by reason of its overlapping disposition in the stack.

As soon as the blade advancing element 32 makes contact with blade 44 it begins to slide the blade forwardly, forcing its front end between the earns 52 and 54 and the remaining blades in the stack. It will be apparent that blade 18 and all underlying blades will be held in a fixed alined position by reason of the engagement with the posts and by reason of the fact that the tip 40 of depresser 38 is guided in slots 80 and 82 in the tops of posts 46 and 48 so that blade 18 cannot spring up over the tops of posts 46 and 48.

Movement of the blade advancing element 32 beneath .blade 44 with this blade in an inclined position results in the hooked extremity of element 32 passing through the median slot of the blade in which position member 32 maintains separation of blade 44 from blade 18 without further mechanical handling.

After a short travel the front end of blade 44 passes out of the blade aperture 22, being held at a predetermined level by the inclined faces of the cams 52 and 54, and moves ahead into contact with the ramp I6 of the razor and just below the nearer end of the used blade 69 as will be apparent from an inspection of Fig. 6.

Further passage of blade 44 causes the used blade 69 to be forced upwardly away from the ramp with the front end of blade 44 being substituted in its place in engagement with the guide rib l8 as noted in Fig. 9. Displacement of blade 69 continues against the action of spring l until blade 44 is completely seated in the blade supporting member 44 as illustrated in Fig. 10.

At this point in the blade handling cycle (Fig it will be seen that forward movement of the slide 28 is terminated and in this position the blade depressing element extends freely through the median slot of used blade 69 while through the median slot of blade 69 and assumed a position such that it occurs at a level slightly above the reduced end of blade 69 in readiness to engage therewith as suggested in Fig. 10. The slide is then drawn rearwardly, retracting the blade 69 and guiding its end so that this end passes up over the transverse flanges 24 and 26 of the magazine and into the blade entranceway 10 leading to the used blade bin 29 as noted in Fig. 11. Continued movement of blade 69 rearwardly brings the blade against the extremity of curved spring 16 over which the blade is drawn with the spring becoming flattened out as indicated in Fig. 12. It should be understood at this point that spring 16 is of a generally forked or U-shaped formation as shown in Fig. 15 so that although the used blade 69 may be drawn up over the spring, the retracting element 42 actually moves in the slotted portion of the spring and remains in engagement with the reduced end of blade 69 up until it reaches an extreme position of rest at the right hand side of the case as viewed in Fig. 13. At this point the opposite end of blade 59 has been forced upwardly against the top of the blade bin. Upon the slide 28 beginning a new cycle the retracting element 42 is drawn ahead, releasing the end of blade 59 which then springs upwardly into a fully elevated position as shown in Fig. 14.

Having thus disclosed my invention and described in detail illustrative embodiments thereof, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a razor'blade magazine the combination of a case having a blade dispensing aperture, a slide movably secured in the case, a stack of blades mounted fiatwise in the case in overlapping and staggered relation, cam elements fixed in the case, the cam elements extending downwardly into contact with the uppermost blade in the stack, and a curved spring cooperating with the cam elements resiliently to deflect into engagement the outer ends of the blades projecting at one end of the stack and thus hold blades in fulcrumed relation to one another, the inner ends of the blades thereby being spaced apart from one another and the uppermost blade in the stack extending into the path of movement of the slide.

2. A blade magazine comprising in combination a case having a blade-dispensing opening at one end, a slide arranged to move along one side of the case, a stack of blades superimposedpne upon another in alternately and oppositely overlapping relation, opposed members for flatwise gripping the ends of those blades that project at one end of the stack to provide free blade extremities which lie in spaced-apart relation to one another at the other end of the stack, and a blade-advancing element located on the slide in a position to engage with the free end of the uppermost blade in the stack. v

3. A magazine for longitudinally slotted razor blades, comprising a rectangular enclosure having a blade exit opening at one end, a stack of flexible blades arranged in the enclosure being in alternately longitudinal staggered relation, a spring located beneath the blade stack adjacent to the exit opening, and an oppositely disposed upwardly and inwardly inclined cam cooperating with the spring to press together the ends of the blades projecting at thatend of the stack and to fan out the opposite end of the uppermost blade of the stack against the inclined cam, and a feed slide movable along one side of the enclosure in a path engaging the said fanned-out blade end.

4. A razor blade magazine comprising a case having an exit opening adjacent one end thereof, a stack of flexible slotted blades arranged alternately in longitudinally staggered relation in the case with solid end portions of alternate blades superposed at the outer ends of the stack, inwardly and upwardly sloping cam means fixed in the case and located above the stack, and an opposed spring located in the case below the stack and adjacent the exit opening causing the solid end portions at one end of the stack to contract and the uppermost blade of the stack to fan upwardly in unflexed condition against the sloping cam, and a feed slide movable in the case contacting the fanned end of the uppermost blade.

5. A razor blade magazine as defined in claim 4 in which the inner end of the blade stack projects into free space in the case and the blades fan upwardly and downwardly in that end of the stack.

6. A blade magazine as defined in claim 4 wherein said cam means includes a pair of spaced parallel overhead cams each having at its outer end a steeply inclined inwardly and downwardly sloping face disposed in divergent relation to elongated inwardly and upwardly inclined blade-locating face.

7. A blade magazine comprising an elongated casing having an exit opening adjacent one end, spaced upstanding studs in the casing, a stack of flexible slotted blades held in alternate longitudinally staggered relation by said studs, an

til

underlying spring in the casing engaging the blade stack near the end thereof adjacent the exit opening, overhead means in the casing cooperating with said spring to cause the uppermost blade of the stack to fan away from the stack unfiexed in an inwardly and upwardly inclined position, and a feed slide movable in the casing for contacting the inner end of said inclined blade to move the same through the exit opening.

8. A blade magazine as defined in claim 7 in which the feed slide has a pair of spaced downwardly and rearwardly inclined cams, and a cooperating forwardly extending arm having a vertical blade-advancing portion locjated near the base of the cams in position for engaging the end of the uppermost blade flexed downwardly by the cams as the slide is advanced.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,377,379 Williams May 10, 1921 1,588,923 Wells June 15, 1926 1,911,627 Lashar May 30, 1933 2,309,780 Muros Feb, 2, 1943 2,330,252 Testi Sept. 28, 1943 2,344,961 Benjamin Mar. 23, 1944 2,350,837 Stampleman June 6, 1944 2,351,627 Muros June 20 ,1944 2,392,433 Testi Jan. 8, 1946 2,405,621 Testi Aug. 13, 1946 2,409,401 Testi Oct. 15, 1946 2,446,715 Muros Aug. 10, 1948 6 12 Auerbach April 26, 1949 

